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FTP(1C) USER COMMANDS FTP(1C) NAME ftp - file transfer program DESCRIPTION ftp is the user interface to the ARPANET standard File Transfer Protocol (FTP). ftp transfers files to and from a remote network site. The client host with which ftp is to communicate may be specified on the command line. If this is done, ftp immedi- ately attempts to establish a connection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ftp enters its command interpreter and awaits instructions from the user. When ftp is awaiting commands from the user, it displays the prompt `ftp>'. AMIGA EXTENSIONS Since most of the users are already familiar with using FTP, here are the extra options which have been added to this port. If you are unfamiliar with FTP, Jump to `COMMANDS' and return here when you have read it all. ftp <address> -L<filename> -U<uldir> -D<dldir> + -H (plus standard options). -L specifies a filename which to log byte counts and sites which have been connected to. There must be no space between the 'L' and the filename. The format of this file is simply the name of the site connected to, and the number of bytes transferred. -U specifies an "upload" directory. This is the directory which files are read from when using the 'put' command. -D specifies a "download" directory. This is the directory which files are written to when using the 'get' command. -H turns hashing on by default. If these options are not specified, the current directory is used, and no logging takes place. When viewing a file, ftp downloads the file as ".temp" and views it with 'more'. If you wish to use a different command (eg type), set this in the environment variable PAGER. Also, the previous directory listing or file retrieved to stdout can be viewed again with the '!' command. [There is no shell escape command]. The mget and mput commands have also been disabled. Most of the file globbing has been disabled. Also, all get and put commands work in the current directory only, even if a local file is specified with a path. Obviously allowing BBS users to write to any directory was not considered a desirable feature. If you wish to change this behaviour back, look for calls to "basename()" in ftp.c. This version of FTP can be used on a BBS by constructing scripts which allow the user to upload and download from appropriate directories. Log files can be kept for later charging. The pager command can be set to something which is compatible with the BBS which is being used. COMMANDS ! Redisplays the previous console output file (i.e. file with a local name of `-' [or directory display]) $ macro-name [ args ] Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the macdef command. Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed. account [ passwd ] Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system for access to resources once a login has been successfully completed. If no argument is included, the user will be prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode. append local-file [ remote-file ] Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used in naming the remote file after being altered by any ntrans or nmap setting. File transfer uses the current settings for "representation type", "file structure", and "transfer mode". ascii Set the "representation type" to "network " ASCII". This is the default type. bell Sound a bell after each file transfer command is com- pleted. binary Set the "representation type" to "image". bye Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and exit ftp. An EOF will also terminate the session and exit. case Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during mget commands. When case is on (default is off), remote computer file names with all letters in upper case are written in the local directory with the letters mapped to lower case. cd remote-directory Change the working directory on the remote machine to remote-directory. cdup Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of the current remote machine working directory. close Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and return to the command interpreter. Any defined macros are erased. cr Toggle RETURN stripping during "network " ASCII" type file retrieval. Records are denoted by a RETURN/LINEFEED sequence during "network " ASCII" type file transfer. When cr is on (the default), RETURN characters are stripped from this sequence to conform with the UNIX system single LINEFEED record delimiter. Records on non-UNIX-system remote hosts may contain single LINEFEED characters; when an "network " ASCII" type transfer is made, these LINEFEED characters may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when cr is off. delete remote-file Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine. debug [ debug-value ] Toggle debugging mode. If an optional debug-value is specified it is used to set the debugging level. When debugging is on, ftp prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by the string `-->'. dir [ remote-directory ] [ local-file ] Print a listing of the directory contents in the direc- tory, remote-directory, and, optionally, placing the output in local-file. If no directory is specified, the current working directory on the remote machine is used. If no local file is specified, or local-file is `-', output is sent to the terminal. disconnect A synonym for close. form [ format-name ] Set the carriage control format subtype of the "representation type" to format-name. The only valid format-name is non-print, which corresponds to the default "non-print" subtype. get remote-file [ local-file ] Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine. If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by the current case, ntrans, and nmap settings. The current settings for "representa- tion type", "file structure", and "transfer mode" are used while transferring the file. glob Toggle filename expansion, or "globbing", for mdelete, mget and mput. If globbing is turned off, filenames are taken literally. Globbing for mput is done as in csh(1). For mdelete and mget, each remote file name is expanded separately on the remote machine, and the lists are not merged. Expansion of a directory name is likely to be radically different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the exact result depends on the remote operating system and FTP server, and can be previewed by doing `mls remote-files -'. mget and mput are not meant to transfer entire direc- tory subtrees of files. You can do this by transfer- ring a tar(1) archive of the subtree (using a "representation type" of "image" as set by the binary command). hash Toggle hash-sign (#) printing for each data block transferred. help [ command ] Print an informative message about the meaning of com- mand. If no argument is given, ftp prints a list of the known commands. ls [ remote-directory ] [ local-file ] Print an abbreviated listing of the contents of a directory on the remote machine. If remote-directory is left unspecified, the current working directory is used. If no local file is specified, or if local-file is `-', the output is sent to the terminal. macdef macro-name Define a macro. Subsequent lines are stored as the macro macro-name; a null line (consecutive NEWLINE characters in a file or RETURN characters from the ter- minal) terminates macro input mode. There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in all defined macros. Macros remain defined until a close command is executed. The macro processor interprets `$' and `\' as special characters. A `$' followed by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on the macro invocation command line. A `$' followed by an `i' signals that macro processor that the executing macro is to be looped. On the first pass `$i' is replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation command line, on the second pass it is replaced by the second argument, and so on. A `\' followed by any character is replaced by that character. Use the `\' to prevent special treatment of the `$'. mdelete [ remote-files ] Delete the remote-files on the remote machine. mdir remote-files local-file Like dir, except multiple remote files may be speci- fied. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mdir output. mkdir directory-name Make a directory on the remote machine. mls remote-files local-file Like ls(1V), except multiple remote files may be speci- fied. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mls output. mode [ mode-name ] Set the "transfer mode" to mode-name. The only valid mode-name is stream, which corresponds to the default "stream" mode. nmap [ inpattern outpattern ] Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during mput commands and put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If argu- ments are specified, local filenames are mapped during mget commands and get commands issued without a speci- fied local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX- system remote host with different file naming conven- tions or practices. The mapping follows the pattern set by inpattern and outpattern. inpattern is a tem- plate for incoming filenames (which may have already been processed according to the ntrans and case set- tings). Variable templating is accomplished by includ- ing the sequences $1, $2, ..., $9 in inpattern. Use \ to prevent this special treatment of the $ character. All other characters are treated literally, and are used to determine the nmap inpattern variable values. For example, given inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name mydata.data, $1 would have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the value "data". The outpattern determines the resulting mapped filename. The sequences $1, $2, ..., $9 are replaced by any value resulting from the inpattern template. The sequence $0 is replaced by the original filename. Additionally, the sequence `[seq1,seq2]' is replaced by seq1 if seq1 is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by seq2. For example, the command `nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file]' would yield the output filename myfile.data for input filenames myfile.data and myfile.data.old, myfile.file for the input filename myfile, and myfile.myfile for the input filename .myfile. SPACE characters may be included in outpat- tern, as in the example `nmap $1 | sed "s/ *$//" > $1'. Use the \ character to prevent special treatment of the `$', `[', `]' and `,' characters. ntrans [ inchars [ outchars ] ] Set or unset the filename character translation mechan- ism. If no arguments are specified, the filename char- acter translation mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, characters in remote filenames are translated during mput commands and put commands issued without a specified remote target filename, and charac- ters in local filenames are translated during mget commands and get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX- system remote host with different file naming conven- tions or practices. Characters in a filename matching a character in inchars are replaced with the corresponding character in outchars. If the character's position in inchars is longer than the length of outchars, the character is deleted from the file name. open host [ port ] Establish a connection to the specified host FTP server. An optional port number may be supplied, in which case, ftp will attempt to contact an FTP server at that port. If the auto-login option is on (default), ftp will also attempt to automatically log the user in to the FTP server (see below). put local-file [ remote-file] Store a local file on the remote machine. If remote- file is left unspecified, the local file name is used after processing according to any ntrans or nmap set- tings in naming the remote file. File transfer uses the current settings for "representation type", "file structure", and "transfer mode". pwd Print the name of the current working directory on the remote machine. quit A synonym for bye. quote arg1 arg2 ... Send the arguments specified, verbatim, to the remote FTP server. A single FTP reply code is expected in return. recv remote-file [ local-file] A synonym for get. remotehelp [ command-name ] Request help from the remote FTP server. If a command-name is specified it is supplied to the server as well. rename from to Rename the file from on the remote machine to have the name to. reset Clear reply queue. This command re-synchronizes command/reply sequencing with the remote FTP server. Resynchronization may be necessary following a viola- tion of the FTP protocol by the remote server. rmdir directory-name Delete a directory on the remote machine. runique Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique filenames. If a file already exists with a name equal to the target local filename for a get or mget command, a `.1' is appended to the name. If the resulting name matches another existing file, a `.2' is appended to the original name. If this process continues up to `.99', an error message is printed, and the transfer does not take place. The generated unique filename will be reported. Note: runique will not affect local files generated from a shell command (see below). The default value is off. send local-file [ remote-file ] A synonym for put. sendport Toggle the use of PORT commands. By default, ftp will attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a con- nection for each data transfer. The use of PORT com- mands can prevent delays when performing multiple file transfers. If the PORT command fails, ftp will use the default data port. When the use of PORT commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to use PORT commands for each data transfer. This is useful when connected to certain FTP implementations that ignore PORT com- mands but incorrectly indicate they have been accepted. status Show the current status of ftp. struct [ struct-name ] Set the "file structure" to struct-name. The only valid struct-name is file, which corresponds to the default "file" structure. sunique Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file names. The remote FTP server must support the STOU command for successful completion. The remote server will report the unique name. Default value is off. trace Toggle packet tracing (unimplemented). type [ type-name ] Set the "representation type" to type-name. The valid type-names are ascii for "network " ASCII", binary or image for "image", and tenex for "local byte size" with a byte size of 8 (used to talk to TENEX machines). If no type is specified, the current type is printed. The default type is "network " ASCII". user user-name [ password ] [ account ] Identify yourself to the remote FTP server. If the password is not specified and the server requires it, ftp will prompt the user for it (after disabling local echo). If an account field is not specified, and the FTP server requires it, the user will be prompted for it. If an account field is specified, an account command will be relayed to the remote server after the login sequence is completed if the remote server did not require it for logging in. Unless ftp is invoked with "auto-login" disabled, this process is done automatically on initial connection to the FTP server. verbose Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from the FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition, if verbose mode is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported. By default, verbose mode is on if ftp's commands are coming from a terminal, and off otherwise. ? [ command ] A synonym for help. Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with quote (") marks. If any command argument which is not indicated as being optional is not specified, ftp will prompt for that argu- ment. ABORTING A FILE TRANSFER To abort a file transfer, press any key. Sending transfers will be immediately halted. Receiving transfers will be halted by sending a ftp protocol ABOR command to the remote server, and discarding any further data received. The speed at which this is accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for ABOR processing. If the remote server does not support the ABOR command, an "ftp>" prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed sending the requested file. The terminal interrupt key sequence will be ignored when ftp has completed any local processing and is awaiting a reply from the remote server. A long delay in this mode may result from the ABOR processing described above, or from unexpected behavior by the remote server, including viola- tions of the ftp protocol. If the delay results from unex- pected remote server behavior, the local ftp program must be killed by hand. FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS Local files specified as arguments to ftp commands are pro- cessed according to the following rules. 1) If the file name `-' is specified, the standard input (for reading) or standard output (for writing) is used. When `-' is specified for the output in the Amiga version, the data is written to a file called '.temp', This is done so that the '!' [redisplay] command can be used. FTP does not delete this file. 2) For get commands with unspecified local file names, the local filename is the remote filename, which may be altered by a case, ntrans, or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered if runique is on. 3) For put commands with unspecified remote file names, the remote filename is the local filename, which may be altered by a ntrans or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered by the remote server if sunique is on. FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file transfer. The "representation type" may be one of "network " ASCII", "EBCDIC", "image", or "local byte size" with a specified byte size (for PDP-10's and PDP-20's mostly). The "network " ASCII" and "EBCDIC" types have a further subtype which specifies whether vertical format control (NEWLINE charac- ters, form feeds, etc.) are to be passed through ("non- print"), provided in TELNET format ("TELNET format con- trols"), or provided in ASA (FORTRAN) ("carriage control (ASA)") format. ftp supports the "network " ASCII" (subtype "non-print" only) and "image" types, plus "local byte size" with a byte size of 8 for communicating with TENEX machines. The "file structure" may be one of "file" (no record struc- ture), "record", or "page". ftp supports only the default value, which is "file". The "transfer mode" may be one of "stream", "block", or "compressed". ftp supports only the default value, which is "stream". BUGS Correct execution of many commands depends upon proper behavior by the remote server.